The content of communications recorded by criminal law enforcement authorities (LEAs) and traffic and location data; Not only voice communications, but also electronic messages made not only from a mobile phone, but also from landlines and other devices; Records of surveillance of persons and property by the LEAs. This and other information have so far reached the Czech national competition authority (Czech NCA) without being able to use it legally as evidence in the proceedings.

Chapter 1 - A commercial offence – a brief review of an unjustifiably neglected step between a misdemeanour and a criminal offence.

Despite the challenges, Ukraine’s internal economy remains strong – and there are significant opportunities for those who can navigate the complexities of the current situation – with lawyers busy with litigation and arbitration, sanctions and antitrust, as well as restructuring and privatization matters, according to Arzinger Founding and Managing Partner Timur Bondaryev.

Cobalt has successfully represented Estonian citizen Ivan Turogin before the Supreme Court on the admissibility of electronic surveillance as an alternative to arrest for defendants during extradition proceedings.

After a long period of preparations the Whistleblower Protection Act has been finally passed.

Summary of new Czech whistleblowing legislation