According to the latest data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, nearly 100,000 foreign nationals were employed in Hungary as of July 2024, with almost 80% coming from third countries. After years of government-led anti-immigration messaging, many Hungarians have expressed fear and outrage at the sight of large groups of Indian, Filipino, and Vietnamese workers in smaller towns, perceiving them as competition for job opportunities.

The development of offshore wind farms in Greece represents an ambitious step in the country’s energy transition, further promoting the shift towards renewable energy sources and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The regulatory framework governing the installation and operation of offshore wind farms has evolved significantly in recent years, reflecting both national and international energy commitments, as well as the technological and environmental challenges accompanying such investments.

The proposed Draft Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on Games of Chance brings several important changes, certain new legal solutions as a result of the needs of practice and market development, harmonization of the text of the law with technological development in this area, but also introduces new obligations to organizers and significantly increase in fees for obtaining approval and for organizing of games of chance.

On 1 October 2024, the Hungarian Government published a decree on the basic regulations of settlement planning and construction requirements, which fundamentally rewrites and clarifies the frameworks for construction and property planning in many areas. Among these, one regulates the placement of solar panels and solar collectors, while another sets out the general framework for the installation of wind turbines.

Unauthorized constructions have been a prominent issue in Greek reality for decades, leading to repeated legislative attempts to address it. Currently applicable legislation (law 4495/2017) provides for legalization of such unauthorized constructions, as well as arbitrary changes of use, subject to conditions and further to submission of statements, payment of fines, etc.

The European Commission recently launched the consultation phase on two essential draft regulations to strengthen the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) regulation’s operational structure. These include the draft Implementing Regulation for Authorized Declarants and creating a comprehensive CBAM registry. Stakeholders can submit feedback until November 28, 2024. These regulations clarify key aspects of the definitive CBAM implementation, set to begin on January 1, 2026.

The Government of Hungary has overhauled the regulatory framework governing the district heating sector. The legislative changes are primarily aimed at supporting substantial new investments in district heating production by increasing the profit limits for new installations utilising renewable and geothermal energy.

The Misdemeanor Court in Podgorica recently imposed a fine of EUR 806,953.09 on the telecommunications company M:tel doo Podgorica (“M:tel”) for the acquisition, by its related Serbian company, of 50% shares in the Slovenian company Arena Sport doo Ljubljana (“Arena Sport”).

I am not a political expert, but I grew up in Hungary and the United States and have always focused on both countries' policies and political climates. These opinions are based on what I have seen over the past ten-plus years of living between our countries and the policies we have seen from Harris and Trump (either spoken or acted). Both candidates have notable implications for Hungary's relationship with the United States. It could impact NATO dynamics, visa policies, and economic agreements. Each candidate offers distinct approaches that could affect Hungary’s foreign policy and its alignment within Europe.

The Croatian Lobbying Act (Official Gazette 36/2024, the “Act”) entered into force on 1 October 2024, marking Croatia’s first comprehensive regulation of lobbying activities. The Act establishes significant new rules for lobbyists and companies alike, requiring compliance when interacting with public officials to advocate for business or organisational interests. This regulatory development represents a transformative shift in how entities engage with policymakers and will necessitate careful attention to adherence with these newly established standards.

The National Council of the Slovak Republic has recently approved significant changes to the Value Added Tax (VAT) rates, which will come into effect as of January 1, 2025. Here are the key updates:

NNDKP Environment Flash No. 10/2024:

Several provisions of the new Act on Hungarian Architecture ("Architecture Act") entered into force on 1 October 2024, as a result of which the previous Building Act was repealed. The Architecture Act has taken over and supplemented many of the provisions of the previous Building Act, however, also contains a number of new rules.

New Joint Instruction No. 196/2024, “On cooperation between the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Economy, Culture, and Innovation, and the State Intelligence Service regarding the issuance of residence permits for foreigners” (the “Instruction”), came into effect on 22 October 2024. This Instruction, aimed at clarifying and improving coordination among public institutions, does not amend existing residence or unique permit (i.e., a residence permit issued for employment purposes that combines both the residence and work permit) procedures for foreign nationals. Instead, it reaffirms the established process, ensuring that it remains consistent while improving transparency and efficiency.

The Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) has recently rendered a significant judgement regarding the interpretation of legitimate interest as a legal basis for personal data processing. Deciding on a case involving the fine imposed by the Dutch data protection authority (“AP”) on the Royal Dutch Tennis Association (“KNLTB”) for sharing its members’ personal data for commercial purposes, the CJEU confirmed that legitimate interest can cover purely commercial interests. This decision is important for both EU member states and Serbia, where there is still no clear practice or opinion from the competent authorities on the lawful application of data processing based on legitimate interest.

Raising funds on the capital market—through the issuance of shares or bonds—provides companies with substantial advantages. Obtaining funds through capital market not only facilitates diversification of financial portfolios and reduces dependence on bank financing but also conveys a strong message to the issuer’s customers and business partners, illustrating the commitment to high standards of corporate governance. At the same time, by ensuring that the company’s securities are publicly listed, its members of the management board take responsibility towards the company itself, the shareholders, and other investors.

The Law on the Waiver of Interest on Outstanding Tax Obligations (“Law”) has been officially adopted and will take effect on 1 January 2025. This Law allows for the waiver of unpaid interest on tax obligations that became due before 31 December 2024.

The General Secretariat of the Belgian data protection authority has published an informational booklet outlining the relationship between the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Regulation, which came into force on 1 August 2024. The authority’s aim with the informational booklet is to provide insights into the application of data protection requirements during the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems. Data protection requirements and legal standards are key to ensure that artificial intelligence systems operate ethically, responsibly and lawfully.